EC-Council Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator

1 – Computer Forensics and Investigations as a Profession

• Understanding Computer Forensics
• Comparing Definitions of Computer Forensics
• Exploring a Brief History of Computer Forensics
• Developing Computer Forensics Resources
• Preparing for Computing Investigations
• Understanding Enforcement Agency Investigations
• Understanding Corporate Investigations
• Maintaining Professional Conduct

2 – Understanding Computer Investigations

• Preparing a Computer Investigation
• Examining a Computer Crime
• Examining a Company-Policy Violation
• Taking a Systematic Approach
• Assessing the Case
• Planning Your Investigation
• Securing Your Evidence
• Understanding Data-Recovery Workstations and Software
• Setting Up Your Workstation for Computer Forensics
• Executing an Investigation
• Gathering the Evidence
• Copying the Evidence Disk
• Analyzing Your Digital Evidence
• Completing the Case
• Critiquing the Case

3 – Working with Windows and DOS Systems

• Understanding File Systems
• Understanding the Boot Sequence
• Examining Registry Data
• Disk Drive Overview
• Exploring Microsoft File Structures
• Disk Partition Concerns
• Boot Partition Concerns
• Examining FAT Disks
• Examining NTFS Disks
• NTFS System Files
• NTFS Attributes
• NTFS Data Streams
• NTFS Compressed Files
• NTFS Encrypted File Systems (EFS)
• EFS Recovery Key Agent
• Deleting NTFS Files
• Understanding Microsoft Boot Tasks
• Windows XP, 2000, and NT Startup
• Windows XP System Files
• Understanding MS-DOS Startup Tasks
• Other DOS Operating Systems

4 – Macintosh and Linux Boot Processes and Disk Structures

• Understanding the Macintosh File Structure
• Understanding Volumes
• Exploring Macintosh Boot Tasks
• Examining UNIX and Linux Disk Structures
• UNIX and Linux Overview
• Understanding modes
• Understanding UNIX and Linux Boot Processes
• Understanding Linux Loader
• UNIX and Linux Drives and Partition Scheme
• Examining Compact Disc Data Structures
• Understanding Other Disk Structures
• Examining SCSI Disks
• Examining IDE/EIDE Devices

5 – The Investigators Office and Laboratory

• Understanding Forensic Lab Certification Requirements
• Identifying Duties of the Lab Manager and Staff
• Balancing Costs and Needs
• Acquiring Certification and Training
• Determining the Physical Layout of a Computer Forensics Lab
• Identifying Lab Security Needs
• Conducting High-Risk Investigations
• Considering Office Ergonomics
• Environmental Conditions
• Lighting
• Structural Design Considerations
• Electrical Needs
• Communications
• Fire-suppression Systems
• Evidence Lockers
• Facility Maintenance
• Physical Security Needs
• Auditing a Computer Forensics Lab
• Computer Forensics Lab Floor Plan Ideas
• Selecting a Basic Forensic Workstation
• Selecting Workstations for Police Labs
• Selecting Workstations for Private and Corporate Labs
• Stocking Hardware Peripherals
• Maintaining Operating Systems and Application Software Inventories
• Using a Disaster Recovery Plan
• Planning for Equipment Upgrades
• Using Laptop Forensic Workstations
• Building a Business Case for Developing a Forensics Lab
• Creating a Forensic Boot Floppy Disk
• Assembling the Tools for a Forensic Boot Floppy Disk
• Retrieving Evidence Data Using a Remote Network Connection

6 – Current Computer Forensics Tools

• Evaluating Your Computer Forensics Software Needs
• Using National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Tools
• Using National Institute of Justice (NU) Methods
• Validating Computer Forensics Tools
• Using Command-Line Forensics Tools
• Exploring NTI Tools
• Exploring Ds2dump
• Reviewing DriveSpy
• Exploring PDBlock
• Exploring PDWipe
• Reviewing Image
• Exploring Part
• Exploring SnapBack DatArrest
• Exploring Byte Back
• Exploring MaresWare
• Exploring DIGS Mycroft v3
• Exploring Graphical User Interface (GUI) Forensics Tools
• Exploring AccessData Programs
• Exploring Guidance Software EnCase
• Exploring Ontrack
• Using BIAProtect
• Using LC Technologies Software
• Exploring WinHex Specialist Edition
• Exploring DIGS Analyzer Professional Forensic Software
• Exploring ProDiscover DFT
• Exploring DataLifter
• Exploring ASRData
• Exploring the Internet History Viewer
• Exploring Other Useful Computer Forensics Tools
• Exploring LTOOLS
• Exploring Mtools
• Exploring R-Tools
• Using Explore2fs
• Exploring @stake
• Exploring TCT and TCTUTILs
• Exploring ILook
• Exploring HashKeeper
• Using Graphic Viewers
• Exploring Hardware Tools
• Computing-Investigation Workstations
• Building Your Own Workstation
• Using a Write-blocker
• Using LC Technology International Hardware
• Forensic Computers
• DIGS
• Digital Intelligence
• Image MASSter Solo
• FastBloc
• Acard
• NoWrite
• Wiebe Tech Forensic DriveDock
• Recommendations for a Forensic Workstation

7 – Digital Evidence Controls

• Identifying Digital Evidence
• Understanding Evidence Rules
• Securing Digital Evidence at an Incident Scene
• Cataloging Digital Evidence
• Lab Evidence Considerations
• Processing and Handling Digital Evidence
• Storing Digital Evidence
• Evidence Retention and Media Storage Needs
• Documenting Evidence
• Obtaining a Digital Signature

8 – Processing Crime and Incident Scenes

• Processing Private-Sector Incident Scenes
• Processing Law Enforcement Crime Scenes
• Understanding Concepts and Terms Used in Warrants
• Preparing for a Search
• Identifying the Nature of the Case
• Identifying the Type of Computing System
• Determining Whether You Can Seize a Computer
• Obtaining a Detailed Description of the Location
• Determining Who Is in Charge
• Using Additional Technical Expertise
• Determining the Tools You Need
• Preparing the Investigation Team
• Securing a Computer Incident or Crime Scene
• Seizing Digital Evidence at the Scene
• Processing a Major Incident or Crime Scene
• Processing Data Centers with an Array of RAIDS
• Using a Technical Advisor at an Incident or Crime Scene
• Sample Civil Investigation
• Sample Criminal Investigation
• Collecting Digital Evidence

9 – Data Acquisition

• Determining the Best Acquisition Method
• Planning Data Recovery Contingencies
• Using MS-DOS Acquisition Tools
• Understanding How DriveSpy Accesses Sector Ranges
• Data Preservation Commands
• Using DriveSpy Data Manipulation Commands
• Using Windows Acquisition Tools
• AccessData FTK Explorer
• Acquiring Data on Linux Computers
• Using Other Forensics Acquisition Tools
• Exploring SnapBack DatArrest
• Exploring SafeBack
• Exploring EnCase

10 – Computer Forensic Analysis

• Understanding Computer Forensic Analysis
• Refining the Investigation Plan
• Using DriveSpy to Analyze Computer Data
• DriveSpy Command Switches
• DriveSpy Keyword Searching
• DriveSpy Scripts
• DriveSpy Data-Integrity Tools
• DriveSpy Residual Data Collection Tools
• Other Useful DriveSpy Command Tools
• Using Other Digital Intelligence Computer Forensics Tools
• Using PDBlock and PDWipe
• Using AccessDatas Forensic Toolkit
• Performing a Computer Forensic Analysis
• Setting Up Your Forensic Workstation
• Performing Forensic Analysis on Microsoft File Systems
• UNIX and Linux Forensic Analysis
• Macintosh Investigations
• Addressing Data Hiding Techniques
• Hiding Partitions
• Marking Bad Clusters
• Bit-Shifting
• Using Steganography
• Examining Encrypted Files
• Recovering Passwords

11 – E-mail Investigations

• Understanding Internet Fundamentals
• Understanding Internet Protocols
• Exploring the Roles of the Client and Server in E-mail
• Investigating E-mail Crimes and Violations
• Identifying E-mail Crimes and Violations
• Examining E-mail Messages
• Copying an E-mail Message
• Printing an E-mail Message
• Viewing E-mail Headers
• Examining an E-mail Header
• Examining Additional E-mail Files
• Tracing an E-mail Message
• Using Network Logs Related to E-mail
• Understanding E-mail Servers
• Examining UNIX E-mail Server Logs
• Examining Microsoft E-mail Server Logs
• Examining Novell GroupWise E-mail Logs
• Using Specialized E-mail Forensics Tools

12 – Recovering Image Files

• Recognizing an Image File
• Understanding Bitmap and Raster Images
• Understanding Vector Images
• Metafle Graphics
• Understanding Image File Formats
• Understanding Data Compression
• Reviewing Lossless and Lossy Compression
• Locating and Recovering Image Files
• Identifying Image File Fragments
• Repairing Damaged Headers
• Reconstructing File Fragments
• Identifying Unknown File Formats
• Analyzing Image File Headers
• Tools for Viewing Images
• Understanding Steganography in Image Files
• Using Steganalysis Tools
• Identifying Copyright Issues with Graphics

13 – Writing Investigation Reports

• Understanding the Importance of Reports
• Limiting the Report to Specifics
• Types of Reports
• Expressing an Opinion
• Designing the Layout and Presentation
• Litigation Support Reports versus Technical Reports
• Writing Clearly
• Providing Supporting Material
• Formatting Consistently
• Explaining Methods
• Data Collection
• Including Calculations
• Providing for Uncertainty and Error Analysis
• Explaining Results
• Discussing Results and Conclusions
• Providing References
• Including Appendices
• Providing Acknowledgments
• Formal Report Format
• Writing the Report
• Using FTK Demo Version

14 – Becoming an Expert Witness

• Comparing Technical and Scientific Testimony
• Preparing for Testimony
• Documenting and Preparing Evidence
• Keeping Consistent Work Habits
• Processing Evidence
• Serving as a Consulting Expert or an Expert Witness
• Creating and Maintaining Your CV
• Preparing Technical Definitions
• Testifying in Court
• Understanding the Trial Process
• Qualifying Your Testimony and Voir Dire
• Addressing Potential Problems
• Testifying in General
• Presenting Your Evidence
• Using Graphics in Your Testimony
• Helping Your Attorney
• Avoiding Testimony Problems
• Testifying During Direct Examination
• Using Graphics During Testimony
• Testifying During Cross-Examination
• Exercising Ethics When Testifying
• Understanding Prosecutorial Misconduct
• Preparing for a Deposition
• Guidelines for Testifying at a Deposition
• Recognizing Deposition Problems
• Public Release: Dealing with Reporters
• Forming an Expert Opinion
• Determining the Origin of a Floppy Disk

15 – Computer Security Incident Response Team

• Incident Response Team
• Incident Reporting Process
• Low-level incidents
• Mid-level incidents
• High-level incidents
• What is a Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT)?
• Why would an organization need a CSIRT?
• What types of CSIRTs exist?
• Other Response Teams Acronyms
• What does a CSIRT do?
• What is Incident Handling?
• Need for CSIRT in Organizations
• Best Practices for Creating a CSIRT?

16 – Logfile Analysis

• Secure Audit Logging
• Audit Events
• Syslog
• Message File
• Setting Up Remote Logging
• Linux Process Tracking
• Windows Logging
• Remote Logging in Windows
• ntsyslog
• Application Logging
• Extended Logging
• Monitoring for Intrusion and Security Events
• Importance of Time Synchronization
• Passive Detection Methods
• Dump Event Log Tool (Dumpel.exe)
• EventCombMT
• Event Collection
• Scripting
• Event Collection Tools
• Forensic Tool: fwanalog
• Elements of an End-to-End Forensic Trace
• Log Analysis and Correlation
• TCPDump logs
• Intrusion Detection Log (RealSecure)
• Intrusion Detection Log (SNORT)

17 – Recovering Deleted Files

• The Windows Recycle Bin
• Digital evidence
• Recycle Hidden Folder
• How do I undelete a file?
• e2undel
• O&O UnErase
• Restorer2000
• BadCopy Pro
• File Scavenger
• Mycroft v3
• PC ParaChute
• Search and Recover
• Stellar Phoenix Ext2,Ext3
• Zero Assumption Digital Image Recovery
• FileSaver
• VirtualLab Data Recovery
• R-Linux
• Drive & Data Recovery
• Active@ UNERASER – DATA Recovery

18 – Application Password Crackers

• Advanced Office XP Password Recovery
• AOXPPR
• Accent Keyword Extractor
• Advanced PDF Password Recovery
• APDFPR
• Distributed Network Attack
• Windows XP / 2000 / NT Key
• Passware Kit
• How to Bypass BIOS Passwords
• BIOS Password Crackers
• Removing the CMOS Battery
• Default Password Database

19 – Investigating E-Mail Crimes

• E-mail Crimes
• Sending Fakemail
• Sending E-mail using Telnet
• Tracing an e-mail
• Mail Headers
• Reading Email Headers
• Tracing Back
• Tracing Back Web Based E-mail
• Microsoft Outlook Mail
• Pst File Location
• Tool: R-Mail
• Tool: FinaleMail
• Searching E-mail Addresses
• E-mail Search Site
• abuse.net
• Network Abuse Clearing House
• Handling Spam
• Protecting your E-mail Address from Spam
• Tool: Enkoder Form
• Tool: eMailTrackerPro
• Tool: SPAM Punisher

20 – Investigating Web Attacks

• How to Tell an Attack is in Progress
• What to Do When You Are Under Attack?
• Conducting the Investigation
• Attempted Break-in
• Step 1: Identifing the System(s)
• Step 2: Traffic between source and destination
• How to detect attacks on your server?
• Investigating Log Files
• IIS Logs
• Log file Codes
• Apache Logs
• Access_log
• Log Security
• Log File Information
• Simple Request
• Time/Date Field
• Mirrored Site Detection
• Mirrored Site in IIS Logs
• Vulnerability Scanning Detection
• Example of Attack in Log file
• Web Page Defacement
• Defacement using DNS Compromise
• Investigating DNS Poisoning
• Investigating FTP Servers
• Example of FTP Compromise
• FTP logs
• SQL Injection Attacks
• Investigating SQL Injection Attacks
• Web Based Password Brute Force Attack
• Investigating IP Address
• Tools for locating IP Address
• Investigating Dynamic IP Address
• Location of DHCP Server Logfile

21 – Investigating Network Traffic

• Network Intrusions and Attacks
• Direct vs. Distributed Attacks
• Automated Attacks
• Accidental Attacks
• Address Spoofing
• IP Spoofing
• ARP Spoofing
• DNS Spoofing
• Preventing IP Spoofing
• Preventing ARP Spoofing
• Preventing DNS Spoofing
• VisualZone
• DShield
• Forensic Tools for Network Investigations
• TCPDump
• Ethereal
• NetAnalyst
• Ettercap
• Ethereal

22 – Investigating Router Attacks

• DoS Attacks
• Investigating DoS Attacks
• Investigating Router Attacks

23 – The Computer Forensics Process

• Evidence Seizure Methodology
• Before the Investigation
• Document Everything
• Confiscation of Computer Equipment

24 – Data Duplication

• Tool: R-Drive Image
• Tool: DriveLook
• Tool: DiskExplorer for NTFS

25 – Windows Forensics

• Gathering Evidence in Windows
• Collecting Data from Memory
• Collecting Evidence
• Memory Dump
• Manual Memory Dump (Windows 2000)
• Manual Memory Dump (Windows XP)
• PMDump
• Windows Registry
• Registry Data
• Regmon utility
• Forensic Tool: InCntrl5
• Backing Up of the entire Registry
• System State Backup
• Forensic Tool: Back4Win
• Forensic Tool: Registry Watch
• System Processes
• Process Monitors
• Default Processes in Windows NT, 2000, and XP
• Process-Monitoring Programs
• Process Explorer
• Look for Hidden Files
• Viewing Hidden Files in Windows
• NTFS Streams
• Detecting NTFS Streams
• Rootkits
• Detecting Rootkits
• Sigverif
• Detecting Trojans and Backdoors
• Removing Trojans and Backdoors
• Port Numbers Used by Trojans
• Examining the Windows Swap File
• Swap file as evidence
• Viewing the Contents of the Swap/Page File
• Recovering Evidence from the Web Browser
• Locating Browser History Evidence
• Forensic Tool: Cache Monitor
• Print Spooler Files
• Steganography
• Forensic Tool: StegDetect

26 – Linux Forensics

• Performing Memory Dump on Unix Systems
• Viewing Hidden Files
• Executing Process
• Create a Linux Forensic Toolkit
• Collect Volatile Data Prior to Forensic Duplication
• Executing a Trusted Shell
• Determining Who is logged on to the System
• Determining the Running Processes
• Detecting Loadable Kernel Module Rootkits
• LKM
• Open Ports and Listening Applications
• /proc file system
• Log Files
• Configuration Files
• Low Level Analysis
• Log Messages
• Running syslogd
• Investigating User Accounts
• Collecting an Evidential Image
• File Auditing Tools

27 – Investigating PDA

• Parabens PDA Seizure

28 – Enforcement Law and Prosecution

• Freedom of Information Act
• Reporting Security Breaches to Law Enforcement
• National Infrastructure Protection Center
• Federal Computer Crimes and Laws
• Federal Laws
• The USA Patriot Act of 2001
• Building the Cybercrime Case
• How the FBI Investigates Computer Crime
• Cyber Crime Investigations
• Computer-facilitated crime
• FBI
• Federal Statutes
• Local laws
• Federal Investigative Guidelines
• Gather Proprietary Information
• Contact law enforcement
• To initiate an investigation

29 – Investigating Trademark and Copyright Infringement

• Trademarks
• Trademark Eligibility
• What is a service mark?
• What is trade dress?
• Internet domain name
• Trademark Infringement
• Conducting a Trademark Search
• Using Internet to Search for Trademarks
• Hiring a professional firm to conduct my trademark search
• Trademark Registrations
• Benefits of Trademark Registration
• Copyright
• How long does a copyright last?
• Copyright Notice
• Copyright Fair Use Doctrine
• U.S. Copyright Office
• How are copyrights enforced?
• SCO vs IBM
• Turnitin
• Plagiarism Detection Tools