Test Driven Development (TDD) and Unit Testing Essentials

Part 1: Agile Overview Test Driven Development is a key component of the Agile Software Development Methodology and of the overall DevOps movement. So it is helpful to have at a minimum a high-level understanding of Agile practices and scrum ceremonies and TDD fits into the overall Agile, Scrum and DevOps landscape. Part 1 serves as a leveling exercise to ensure that team member is speaking the same language during upcoming labs and discussions.

What is Agile Software Development

• DevOps Overview
• The Agile Manifesto
• Scrum vs Agile

Components of Agile

• User Stories
• Tasks
• Bugs
• Automated Builds
• Automated Tests
• Continuous Inspection

The Role of TDD in Agile Development

• Automated Unit Tests
• Automated Acceptance Tests

Lab: Explore the Board of an Agile Project

• Kanban Board
• User Stories
• Tasks
• Bugs
• Work in Progress
• Burndown Chart

Part 2: Unit Testing Unit Testing is a critical component of Test Driven Development (TDD). Small units of code are tested throughout the development process, which isolates functionality to ensure that individual parts work correctly.

Unit Test Fundamentals

• Reason to do Unit Testing
• What to Test: Right BICEP
• CORRECT Boundary Conditions
• Properties of Good Tests

Frameworks

• What is JUnit
• JUnit Building Blocks
• Test Cases
• Test Suites
• Examples

Agile Testing Strategy

• Agile Testing Quadrant
• Automation Pyramid
• Assertions

Test Attributes

• Setup / TearDown
• JUnit Lifecycle
• System Under Test
• Test Design Strategy
• Naming our Tests
• Exceptions

Lab: Introduction to Unit Testing

• IDE and Project Setup
• Running our first Unit Test
• Explore Junit framework
• Test Attributes
• Assert Statements

Part 3: Test Driven Development Essential TDD techniques require developers write programs in short development cycles, and there are critical steps that must be taken. Tests are created before the code is written. Once the code passes testing, it is refactored to adhere to the most effective and acceptable standards.

TDD Rhythm

• TDD Overview
• Red, Green, Refactor
• TDD Benefits

Sustainable TDD

• Development without TD
• Test Last
• Test Last in Parallel
• Test Driven Development

Supporting Practices

• Collective Ownership
• Continuous Integration

Eight Wastes of Software Development

• Ripple effect of defects
• Partially Done Work
• Extra Features
• Relearning
• Handoffs
• Task Switching
• Delays
• Defects

Test Automation

• Automate, Automate, Automate
• Automate Early and Often
• Additional Topics Identified

Lab: Test Driven Development

• Start Test Driven Development on our example App
• Write unit test cases
• Experience RED, Green, Refactor Process

Part 4: Principles of Agile Development TDD is directly influenced by design, so it will be a priority to take this into context during implementation. Considering design principles will enable teams to experiment with different approaches, and gear towards more functional programming.

Design Principles Overview Coding Principles isolation of the SUT Developing independently testable units Test doubles

• Introducing test doubles
• Stubs
• Fakes
• Mocks

Lab: Continue development on example App

• Setting up Test doubles for our example app
• Discuss and implement test dummy and test stubs

Part 5: Refactoring Refactoring is another essential technique of TDD, and most software development teams are most likely doing some form of refactoring regularly. Refactoring can be used in a number of different workflows which will be explored in this Part.

Why Refactor?

• Red, Green, Refactor
• Benefits
• Development without TDD

Refactoring Methods Refactoring Cycle

• Reduce Local Variable Scope
• Replace Temp with Query
• Remove Dead Code
• Extract Method
• Remove Unnecessary Code

Lab: Continue our example project

• Implement new test cases
• TDD Cycle
• Discuss and implement Refactoring Needs

Part 6: Pair Programming Pair Programming is an effective way to improve code quality. In this Part, we will discuss pairing and how it leads to better software design, and a lower cost of development.

Pair Programming

• Pairing Setup
• Results: Time
• Results: Defects
• How it works

Advantages of Pairing

• Both Halves of the Brain
• Focus
• Reduce Interruptions
• Reduce Resource Constraints
• Multiple Monitors
• Challenges

Pairing Techniques

• Pair Rotation
• Ping Pong Pairing
• Promiscuous Pairs
• Pair Stairs
• Cross-Functional Pairing

Lab- Experience pair programming and continue developing our example app

Part 7: Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATDD) & Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) Acceptance Tests are an important form of functional specification, and Behavior Driven Development dictates what happens as an effect of these tests being run. In this Part, we will cover the difference between them, and how they are closely related.

Acceptance Testing

• Acceptance Tests
• Why Acceptance Tests?
• Acceptance Test Execution
• Who Writes Acceptance Tests
• Pair Test Writing

Best Practices for Effective Testing

• Keys to Good Acceptance Tests
• Writing Acceptance Criteria
• Acceptance Test Example
• Acceptance Test–Driven Development (ATDD)

BDD vs. ATDD

• Specification by Example
• BDD Frameworks
• BDD Examples

Lab: Experience ATDD and BDD

• Experience ATDD or BDD and discuss the impact to TDD

Part 8: Advanced TDD In order to implement Unit Tests efficiently, it is critical that developers understand their properties.

Lab: Demonstration for Mocking/doubles with our example App

TDD Solutions

• Continuous Unit Testing
• Collective Ownership

Advanced Unit Testing

• Unit Testing Legacy Applications
• Techniques for Legacy Code
• External Dependencies
• Mocking frameworks
• Unit Testing the Database

Outside In vs Inside Out

• Working with database
• Working with mocking frameworks

Test Strategy

• Continues Integration
• Batch Execution of TestCases

Unit Test Examples

• More Tests
• Algorithm

Advanced Refactoring Lab: Demonstration for Mocking/doubles with our example App

• Working with database
• Working with mocking frameworks

Part 9: Simulation Experience Agile development with test driven development and pair programming